27

Id. at 773--74, quoting the California Supreme Court's decision in Perez v. Van Groningen & Sons, Inc., 227 Cal. Rptr. 106, 108 (Cal. 1986),  which was quoting 5 HARPER, JAMES & GRAY, THE LAW OF TORTS (2nd ed. 1986) § 26.5 n. 21 (citations omitted).